Notes from building — concepts explained, decisions documented, lessons recorded.
How ERC-4337 actually works: bundler, paymaster, entrypoint
explainerERC-4337 ships account abstraction without touching the consensus layer. Here is how a UserOperation travels from a user's wallet to on-chain execution — and what each of the three core primitives actually does.
Context Rot: Why Giving AI Too Much Info Can Ruin the Results
explainerA beginner-friendly overview of Chroma's 'Context Rot' research. Learn why stuffing AI models with millions of words doesn't always work, and what you can do instead.
How Reentrancy Exploits Drain Smart Contracts
explainerReentrancy is fundamentally a race condition. The vulnerability lies not in the code that runs, but in the code that *awaits* to run during state updates.
The Odyssey of Consensus: From Byzantine Generals to Blockchain
explainerJourney through four decades of distributed consensus evolution—from the impossibility proofs of 1982 to the optimized two-phase protocols powering today's trillion-dollar blockchains.
How Merkle Trees Secure Blockchain and Beyond
explainerDiscover how Merkle trees enable blockchain to verify massive amounts of data efficiently. Learn why this elegant data structure is the backbone of Bitcoin, Ethereum, and Git!
The Unforgeable Seal: Understanding ECDSA Digital Signatures
explainerLearn how ECDSA keeps your crypto transactions safe through simple explanations and visual guides. No complex math required!